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.This sentence is better using ‘but’ as a conjunction.Littlewould be gained if ‘but’ started a second sentence.ASSESSING THE MOODThe mood refers to the particular attitude of the speaker orwriter contained in the content of the sentence.There arethree moods – the declarative mood, the interrogative moodand the imperative mood.Making use of the declarative moodThe declarative mood is used when you are making a statement so this is the one you are likely to use most frequently.Properly constructed sentences will be used.The man entered the house but found it empty.There wasa chair overturned by the table and the window was open.Utilising the interrogative moodThe interrogative mood, as its name suggests, is used for asking questions so is more likely to be used when you arewriting dialogue.64 / I M P R O V E Y O U R P U N C T U A T I O N & G R A M M A R‘Is there anyone there?’ he called.‘Where are you?’It is also sometimes effective within a narrative to create aparticular effect.Using the imperativeThe imperative is also more likely to be used in dialogue.Itis used for commands.Come here.Put out that cigarette.Stop talking.Go to bed.All of these are sentences and follow the rules but thesubject, ‘you’ (second person – singular or plural) is under-stood.The person being given the orders is ‘you’.CHECKLIST◆ Each sentence must contain at least one main clause.◆ A simple sentence has only one main clause.◆ A compound sentence contains two or more mainclauses.◆ A complex sentence contains a mixture of main andsubordinate clauses.◆ Don’t use commas to separate two main clauses.◆ Vary your sentence structure.◆ There are a variety of different clauses you can use.V A R Y I N G Y O U R S E N T E N C E S / 65PRACTISING WHAT YOU’VE LEARNT1.Identify the phrases and clauses in the followingsentences.(a) The match was cancelled because of the weather.(b) We can go when you are ready.(c) The policeman chased the thief, caught him, hand-XXscuffed him and took him to the police station toXXscharge him.(d) Leaping out of the car, she dashed into the shop.(e) Julie was doing her homework, Dan was laying theXXstable, their father was reading the paper and theirXXsmother was preparing dinner.2.Punctuate the following passage:George leapt out of bed stubbing his toe on the chair thatwas beside him hobbling to the window he stared gloomilyout it was raining perhaps it would brighten up later hewatched the milkman drive down the road he was latesleepily he drifted into the bathroom to wash and shave hecursed as he cut himself dabbing the blood with a piece ofcotton wool he wondered how he would perform at theinterview he must not be lateSee page 154 for suggested answers.4Colouring Your WritingThe remaining parts of speech can be used to enhance yourwriting.Adjectives and Adverbs are modifiers.To modify means to add a word to another word to increase, lessen orchange slightly its meaning.DESCRIBING THE NOUNSAdjectives are words which modify nouns or pronouns.Anoun by itself can be very stark.It also does not alwaysprovide enough information.If you ask in a shop fororanges, you do not need to describe them but if you needhelp in buying a coat, you will have to give more informa-tion.Adjectives will be required to describe it:bluelongredshortthickthinWhen writing, adjectives can add colour to your sentencesand enable you to paint a picture with words.They arealways related to a noun or pronoun and the most commonones are those which describe some quality in a person orthing.Positioning your adjectiveAdjectives can be placed before the noun, as in the followingsentences:66C O L O U R I N G Y O U R W R I T I N G / 67She was wearing a blue dress.They had a delicious meal.The clever boy passed his exams.Listing the adjectivesIf there is a list of adjectives before the noun, separate them with commas.She was wearing a blue, flowered dress.They had a huge, delicious meal.The clever, little boy passed his exams.You are a very naughty, disobedient, mischievous boy.Ending the sentenceAdjectives can also be placed at the end of the sentencefollowing the verb.Her essay was excellent.The sky grew dark.The leaves turned brown.If there is a list of adjectives at the end of the clause,remember that the last one must be preceded by ‘and’.The lecturer was handsome, kind, gentle and good-natured.The book was readable, humorous and well-written
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IndexMark A. Bucknam Responsibility of Command, How UN and NATO Commanders Influenced Airpower over Bosnia (2005)
Chris Vials Realism for the Masses; Aesthetics, Popular Front Pluralism, and U.S. Culture, 1935 1947 (2009)
Oleg Kalugin Spymaster, My Thirty two Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West (2009)
Brett King, Bank 2.0 How Customer Behavior and Technology Will Change the Future of Financial Services
Renee K. Harrison Enslaved Women and the Art of Resistance in Antebellum America (2009)
Kamila Twardowska Kobiety a władza, Cesarzowe Bizantyńskie II poł. V w. po Chr. (2009)
Heather Lehr Wagner, Tim McNeese Spies in the Civil War (2009)
Wireless.A.to.Z Nathan.J.Muller McGraw.Hill 2003(1)
Christie, Agatha Strzaly w Stonygates