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.At the end of the awards ceremony, we officers most in full dressuniform were ushered into the gilded splendor of St.George s Hall.Row upon row of tables, laden with food and drink, awaited us.Therewas vodka and champagne, black caviar, sturgeon, and every imagin-able kind of roasted meat.Semichastny, Shelepin, Mikoyan, and other 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 71WASHI NGTON STATI ON 71leaders were there as well, and a hum of contentment and small talkfilled the palatial room as we waded through the delicacies and drink.It was a splendid moment, and it is clear now that it was not only athank-you for the KGB s loyalty during the coup.It was also a coming-out party, meant to show the KGB that after years of scorn andtravails under Khrushchev the security ministry once again was as-cending to its rightful place at the heart of Soviet society.UnderBrezhnev, the KGB would become the Party s faithful weapon, its sword and shield. Our authority was, at last, on the rebound.And in1967, when the forceful Yuri Andropov took over the KGB, our powerwould know no bounds.In February 1965 I was summoned out of the blue by Boris Solo-matin, the veteran KGB officer.He informed me that he was heading toWashington, D.C., as the new chief of station and was putting togethera team to go with him.He said he had heard good things about me, wasimpressed by my previous experience in the United States, and wantedme to accompany him as his deputy for political intelligence. You re going with me, he said. But what about my school? I asked. The course doesn t end untilJune. The hell with school, said Solomatin, and my fate was decided.My colleagues agreed that Washington was the place to be. If you fail there, then having a scrap of paper saying you ve com-pleted this course won t mean a thing, one said. If all goes well, noone will be interested in evidence of your qualifications. My cover for my next American assignment was even better thanmy previous one as a Radio Moscow correspondent.This time Iwould be heading to the United States as a Foreign Ministry press of-ficer, thus giving me a diplomatic passport and diplomatic immunity.To those who had known me in my earlier incarnation as a Soviet cor-respondent, it would seem perfectly natural that I had decided to giveup my career in journalism and begin working as a press attaché.Andthe KGB had infiltrated the Foreign Ministry to the same extensivedegree that it controlled the Soviet media.Nearly half the Soviet 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 7272 SPYMASTERdiplomats stationed overseas were officers of the KGB or military in-telligence.Some real diplomats strongly resented that the long arm ofthe KGB reached so deeply into their esteemed ranks.Although theyquietly fretted and grumbled about the situation, they generally hadto do what the KGB asked them to.Anyone who got too vocal aboutKGB control of the Foreign Ministry would not be sent overseas andmight even be drummed out of the diplomatic service altogether.Leonid Zamyatin, the head of the Foreign Ministry press section,took me under his wing during the four months I apprenticed there.He accompanied me to diplomatic receptions, where I occasionallysaw Brezhnev an energetic, bushy browed man who had not yettaken on the fossilized look of his later years.I once lunched with theBritish ambassador in Moscow, and I got to know scores of foreigncorrespondents in my capacity as a handler of the foreign presscorps, then under tight control in the Soviet Union.When I accom-panied a group of U.S.correspondents from the Los Angeles Times, theBaltimore Sun, ABC News, and other media on a trip to the republicof Georgia, the hospitality of the Caucasus Mountain people madethe trip more pleasure than work.Before leaving for Washington in July 1965, I once again crossedCook s trail.My colleagues in Lubyanka informed me that in late 1964,the FBI, after receiving a tip from their source, brought Cook in for in-terrogation.As it turns out, they were just fishing, for they had no evi-dence against Cook other than their informer s word that the scientistwas involved with the KGB.The FBI accused Cook of being a spy,threatened to arrest him, and urged him to confess.Cook kept his cool,however, and insisted he was no spy.They showed him pictures ofdozens of men they claimed were KGB officers and Soviet intelligenceagents, but he could tell from the FBI s questioning that the Americanswere casting about and had no proof of his contacts with me and theNew York KGB station.Years later, when Cook and I met in Moscow, hetold me he had done his best not to look directly at the photographs outof fear he might recognize me or another KGB officer and let slip thathe knew us.Cook hung tough; but the interrogation left him rattled. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 73WASHI NGTON STATI ON 73The Thiokol scientist spoke to a lawyer, who advised him to leavethe country for a while: he should purchase a ticket on Air Francesince, under de Gaulle, the French wouldn t let American authoritieslook at the passenger manifest.Cook followed the attorney s instruc-tions and flew to Paris.There, he showed up at the Soviet embassy, ex-plained his situation, and asked the Soviet diplomats to informMoscow of his arrival.Word came back that Cook was indeed a valu-able asset, and the following morning he was on a plane to the Sovietcapital.Cook settled down in the USSR, peacefully at first.In 1979,however, fourteen years after his arrival, Cook s case would developinto a full-blown scandal that ended with the scientist in jail and mycareer as a KGB officer in shambles.Shortly before I was transferred to Washington, the KGB s chief ofintelligence, Alexander Sakharovsky, called me into his spacious,high-ceilinged room in Lubyanka to give me some encouragementand advice. You did a very good job in New York.We all know about it, said Sakharovsky, an energetic man who remained head of intelli-gence for fifteen years. We re putting you in charge of a lot of peo-ple now in Washington.You have to show them how to do a goodjob.Do not hesitate to set an example.By all means, don t treat it asa desk job. And so in July 1965, off I went to Washington.Solomatin and I found a disorganized and demoralized KGB sta-tion.We had heard from KGB officers serving in Washington that sur-veillance was so intense and security in our target institutions so tightthat it was virtually impossible to work in the American capital.In-deed, when Solomatin and his new team arrived, the KGB station didnot have a single American source supplying it with secret informa-tion.Solomatin set about to change that, and, with hard work andgood fortune, he managed to do so.The KGB operated in Washington out of the top floor of the Sovietembassy an imposing stone mansion on 16th Street.Of the hundredor so people stationed at the embassy, about forty were KGB officers. 0465014453-Kalugin.qxd 11/24/08 10:25 AM Page 7474 SPYMASTERWe were packed into a warren of offices, and driving us all was theintimidating and inspiring presence of Boris Solomatin.Before leaving for Washington, I had heard that the new stationchief was a hard man unforgiving, demanding, and curt.That wasaccurate as far as it went, but it did not go far enough.He also was areal workhorse with a keen intellect, a practical mind, and a talent forpulling off risky intelligence operations
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