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., 90 and Tamil tradition, 111, 130Malinowski, Bronislaw, 46 Marshall, John, 95, 96, 123Manian, P.C., 141 Marx, Karl, 14, 205n38Manickam Naicker, P.V., 134 mercury, 3, 25, 26, 72, 73, 85, 86, 118,Manikkavasagam, N., 65, 66, 135, 137 129, 133, 140, 161, 191, 198, 225n23,mantras 226n18critiques of, 120 metals, 31, 85, 118, 139, 140, 146, 155, 162in medical preparations, 3, 72 Mill, James, 22potency of, 48, 54, 117, 118 minerals, 50, 85, 139, 140, 155, 182and Ramasami, E.V., 116 Mohenjo Daro.See Indus Valleyand siddhars, 117 118 Monius, Anne, 58Tamil etymology for, 117 Mother Tamil, 91, 135, 186, 218n107and Tamil language, 134, 194 mountains, 55, 75, 89, 91, 114, 118, 141, 181,in Tirumantiram, 60, 68 182, 183 index 253Mklikaimaõi, 7, 68, 109, 133, 192, 196 and Ramasami, E.V., 114, 115muppu and Shaivism, 62and charlatans, 158 and siddhars, 112description of, 162 and siddha medicine, 9, 24, 87, 88,and immortality, 50, 159, 160, 162, 165, 101 103, 149, 166, 195204n23, 205n33 and Tamil revivalism, 14, 18, 72, 81, 88,obscurity of, 164, 165 106, 111, 112, 119, 121, 122, 145, 148 149,and possibility of manufacture, 162 165, 219n7175, 191 192 and Tamil utopia, 90, 97, 105potency of, 4, 11, 156, 165recipes for, 48, 157, 163, 191 Obeyesekere, Gananath, 205n43and secrecy, 156, 162, 163, 171 oil baths, 197and Shakti, 156, 159, 224n11 Mm, 109, 134, 222n110texts about, 50, 72, 126, 156, 163 Orientalism, 10, 22, 27 34, 79, 89, 99, 121,types of, 162, 226n18 207n39Murugan, 42, 51, 67, 81, 82, 93, 204n31 the Other, narrative role of, 104 106Murukaiyan, P., 137Muslims, 102, 103, 125, 145, 199 palm-leaf manuscripts.See manuscripts,Muttukkaruppa Pillai, P., 43, 74, 92, 187 medicalPmpññi Siddhar, 170Naidu, Srinivasalu, 37 Pandian, A.J., 30Ñnaveññiyn, 120 paramparai.See lineageÉNandi paripùai (obscure language), 48, 50, 155,grace of, 61 157, 160 165, 166, 171in medical lineage, 65, 67, 82, 86, 129 Parthasarathy, G.J.in Periya Purõam, 62 and ayurveda, 86, 95as teacher, 59 biography of, 68in Tirumantiram, 59, 61 on education, 178 179, 182and Tirumular, 66, 68 education of, 15Narayanaswami, V., 92 and egalitarianism, 113 114Natarajan, Kanchana, 198 and Indian government, 147Nathan, 96 and muppu, 162Native Medical Institution, 21, 22, 153, practice of, 7, 30, 67, 113, 196207n34 teachings of, 143, 145nyanmr (Shaiva devotees), 58, 62, 64, 65, and Tirumular, 160É70, 119, 120 121 Parthasarathy, K., 172neem, 60, 95, 109 Parvati, 67, 82, 129, 163.See also Shakti,Nehru, Jawaharlal, 6, 36 ValaiNelvay Sanguppulavar, 142 Patineõk%2Å‚×kkaõakku, 137ÉNietzsche, Friedrich, 167 168 Pattinattar, 48Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., 82 paxpam (calcinated medicine), 50, 51, 85,non-brahmans 86, 148, 158, 210n37, 224n157and Hinduism, 72, 97, 112 pepper, 60, 138, 142, 178, 192, 196, 197as indigenes, 56, 90, 99 Periya Purõam, 58, 62 64, 65, 66, 121,and Orientalism, 10 221n86and politics, 10, 80, 98 101 PeriyañnakkMvai, 47, 48É 254 indexphlegm, 30, 85, 129, 137, 142, 143 and siddha medicine, 114, 116Pillai, as caste name, 204n16 and siddhars, 114, 119piraõñai, 141, 142 and Tamil identity, 111, 114, 115, 130, 149plagiarism, medical, 9, 84, 102 103 and Tirukkuxaë, 137Pollock, Sheldon, 98, 209n10 Ramaswamy, Sumathi, 16Ponnuswami Pillai, V., 31, 37, 87, 175, Rmyaõa, 50, 54, 66, 91179 180 Rao, A.S.Krishna, 23Potigai Mountain, 11, 50, 63, 66, 68, 75, 82, rasam, 14284, 137, 198, 205n32 registration, medical, 4, 153, 224n10Prakash, Gyan, 17 religious studies, 10puja, 50, 72, 125, 126 Report of the Committee on the Indigenouspulse, 85, 154, 189 Systems of Medicine, 29, 31, 37, 48, 86,pkn%2Å‚xu, 162, 163, 164 87, 101, 102, 181Pure Tamil Movement, 132, 134, 222n100 èg Veda, 50, 81purity rhetoric, 5, 6, 17, 27, 43, 44, 46, 78, 88, 110,of ayurveda, 21, 34, 121, 205n43, 205n4, 184, 194, 196, 199, 200, 202, 223n149208n61 Ricoeur, Paul, 80, 104of siddha medicine, 4, 13, 16 19, 31, 32, ritual37 39, 45, 79, 87, 93, 95, 102, 106, 131, critiques of, 8, 18, 46, 47, 58, 65, 96, 108,132, 136, 147, 185, 200 112, 115, 116, 120, 121, 125 126, 170, 194,of Tamil community, 4, 14, 41, 56, 88, 89, 197, 20191, 94, 104 105, 111, 112, 122, 125, 131, and Shaivism, 120, 125, 126133, 136, 147, 166 of siddha medicine, 50, 72, 163of Tamil language, 131, 132 of siddhars, 46, 47, 48, 58, 72, 126Purnalingam Pillai, M.S
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