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.Furthermore, both Native Americanand Christian societies have included physical and mental healing as an impor-tant social service, offered by the Indians through their medical societies andby the Christians in their missionary work.DifferencesThe intended functions of Indian religious societies have been remarkablydifferent from the functions of Christian societies.The aim of Indian religiousorders has been to promote the practice of orthodox religion within the tribe.Such has been the purpose of such societies concern with war, healing, main-taining religious history, protecting sacred objects, conducting rites of passage,and more.In contrast, the dual aim of most Christian societies has been (a) torecruit new believers into the faith and reform backsliders (recall waywardsheep that had strayed from the fold) and (b) to provide philanthropic service good works for humankind.Native American and Christian cultures have also differed dramatically inthe number and variety of their religious organizations, with Indian societiesfar outstripping Christian groups in their quantity and diversity of functions.Numerous roles assigned to societies in Indian tribes (conducting rites of pas-sage, preserving sacred objects, propagating religious history, and more) havebeen regular duties borne by the clergy priests, ministers, deacons, monks,nuns in Christian denominations.Among the practices distinguishing Indian societies from Christian groupshas been the important role of dancing in most Amerindian bands.Whereasdancing is nearly ubiquitous in Indian societies, rarely if ever has it been partof Christian groups activities with some present-day youth societies a pos-sible exception.Finally, the importance of warrior societies in Amerindian religious historyhas not had a significant counterpart in Christian culture since the time ofthe Crusades to the holy land in the Middle Ages (1066 1291).Until the earlytwentieth century, Indian war societies continued to invoke the support of dei-ties for success in battle.Whereas Christian nations typically still claim thatGod is on their side in wars, and nations leaders and the populace pray forGod s aid in achieving victory, such activity is not the responsibility of warriorsocieties as it has been in Indian cultures. PART IIHISTORY'S PATHTo chart the evolving pattern of interaction between American Indianreligions and Christian culture over the past four centuries, Part II sketchessignificant developments over three eras.The Colonies 1600 1775The New Nations 1776 1876The Growing Nations 1877 1949 ·· 10 ··The Colonies 1600 1775Within hardly more than two decades 1598 1620 European colonistsarrived on the East Coast of North America and in the Southwest ofwhat would eventually become the United States.In the East, immigrantsfrom England founded the Virginia colony in 1607.One year later, the firstFrench colony was established in Canadian territory at Quebec City.EnglishPuritans settled Plymouth in Massachusetts in 1620.And out west, a caravanof Spanish colonists in 1598 traveled north from Mexico to cross the RioGrande River into the region that is now New Mexico and parts of adjacentstates.Throughout the modern history of North America, colonization fromthe east would be far more important than from the west, since the greatmajority of the territory that now makes up Canada and the UnitedStates would be populated by ever-increasing waves of European immigrantswho arrived on the continent s eastern shores.In the west, the Spanish pur-sued two separate colonizing efforts.The late sixteenth-century move into theNew Mexico region would be followed 170 years later with the founding ofmissions up the coast of California from San Diego to Sonoma, north of SanFrancisco.Because colonization from the east established the dominant culture of bothCanada and the United States, the following description of events from 1600 to1775 begins with east-to-west colonization, then turns to the efforts of theSpanish in the Southwest. 160 History's PathINVADERS FROM THE EASTThe account of the westward movement begins with the sociopolitical rela-tionships that evolved between the Indians and colonists, then closes with theplace of religion in those relationships.Sociopolitical DevelopmentsThroughout the seventeenth century, a variety of communities were estab-lished along the Atlantic coast of North America by groups from Europeancountries Britain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Sweden,Finland, and Spain.However, the largest number of immigrants were fromEngland, principally members of the middle class farmers, artisans, trades-men along with unskilled laborers who came as indentured servants to settlein New England and Virginia.As the decades advanced, the immigrants spreadwest and south, gradually forming the 13 colonies that created the UnitedStates of America near the end of the eighteenth century.During the sameera, both French and British settlers founded communities in the eastern sec-tor of what would eventually become Canada.To the European immigrants, the New World represented a marvelousopportunity millions of acres of free open land along with the land s richesto enjoy.There were vast forests to provide lumber for buildings and ships,beaver and bear to kill for their hides, tobacco to harvest, fertile soil for grow-ing crops, and it was hoped massive gold and silver deposits.To the Indi-ans, the pale-faced newcomers were at first a curiosity, but soon wererecognized as a threat to the Indians way of life their homes, their huntingterritory, and a culture that placed religion at its core.SOCIETAL CONDITIONSThe two cultures Native American and European were so vastlydifferent that both Indians and immigrants were bound to be amazed atthe style of life of their new acquaintances
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IndexChristine Amsden [Cassie Scot Cassie Scot ParaNormal Detecti
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Christie Craig [Divorced, Des Divorced, Desperate
Moore Christopher Ssij, mała, ssij (II)
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