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.As a baseline, if we take human rights and democracy seriously, a de-cision to alter a fundamental characteristic of humans should not be takenby any individual or corporation without wide discussion among all mem- The Endangered Human 45bers of the affected population.As I concluded in the previous chapter, noindividual scientist or corporation has the moral warrant to redesignhumans (any more than any individual scientist or corporation has the moralwarrant to design a new, lethal virus or bacteria that could kill large num-bers of humans).Species-endangering experiments directly concern all hu-mans and should only be authorized democratically by a body that isrepresentative of everyone on the planet.These are the most important de-cisions we will ever make.The widespread condemnation of human replica-tive cloning by governments around the world provides a perhaps uniqueopportunity for the world to begin to work together to take some controlover biotechnology that threatens our very existence.The environmental movement has adopted the precautionary prin-ciple to help stem the tide of environmental alterations that are detrimen-tal to humans.One version of this principle holds that when an activityraises threats of harm to human health or the environment.the propo-nent of that activity, rather than the public, should bear the burden of proof[that the activity is more likely to be beneficial than harmful]. 4 The mosteffective way to shift the burden of proof is to outlaw dangerous and po-tentially lethal activities, thus requiring the proponents engaging in themto change the law before proceeding.This can be done nation-by-nation,but can only be made effective (because scientists and laboratories can movefrom country to country) by an internationally enforceable ban.The ac-tual text of a treaty banning human replicative cloning and inheritablemodifications is and will continue to be the subject of international debate.Following a national conference, Beyond Cloning, held at Boston Univer-sity in September 2001 (two weeeks after 9/11), Lori Andrews and I sug-gested the following language (obviously subject to negotiation and addeddetails) as a basis for going forward
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Tematy
IndexBidwell George Michał i Pat 01 Michał i Pat
Joel Fleishman The Foundation, A Great American Secret; How Private Wealth is Changing the World (2009)
Mark A. Noll, Luke E. Harlow Religion and American Politics, From the Colonial Period to the Present (2007)
Jesse Fox Mayshark Post pop cinema; The search for meaning in new America (2007)(1)
William Inboden Religion and American Foreign Policy, 1945 1960, The Soul of Containment (2008)
R. Murray Thomas Manitou and God, North American Indian Religions and Christian Culture (2007
Philip Gordon, Jeremy Shapiro Allies At War, America, Europe and the Crisis Over Iraq (2004)
Doyle Evelyn Evelyn (2)
Liparulo Robert Przybywa jeÂździec (popr61) (3)
Pająk Henryk, Lichwa rak ludzkoÂści(1)